Moderna

1. Obtain SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence.

2. Design mRNA encoding the viral spike protein.

3. Encapsulate mRNA in LNPs.

4. Conduct clinical trials.

5. Obtain regulatory approval and manufacture at scale.

1. Monitor circulating influenza strains.

2. Design mRNA encoding relevant hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens.

3. Develop a multi-valent mRNA vaccine.

4. Conduct clinical trials.

5. Manufacture and distribute before the flu season.

1. Sequence patient's tumor DNA.

2. Identify neoantigens (tumor-specific mutations).

3. Design mRNA encoding neoantigens.

4. Develop a personalized mRNA vaccine.

5. Administer vaccine to stimulate an anti-tumor immune response.

1. Identify the defective gene and protein.

2. Design mRNA encoding the functional protein.

3. Encapsulate mRNA in LNPs.

4. Administer mRNA therapy to patients.

5. Monitor protein expression and clinical outcomes.

1. Monitor emerging infectious diseases.

2. Identify potential vaccine targets.

3. Design and test mRNA vaccines in preclinical studies.

4. Stockpile vaccines for rapid deployment in case of an outbreak.

5. Conduct clinical trials and seek regulatory approval.